Observing time estimates must take into account:
The total integration time should be derived using the standard formula:
where
and
are the telescope forward and main
beam efficiencies,
is the system temperature above the atmosphere (in the antenna
temperature scale), B the
channel noise bandwidth, and t the total (ON + OFF) integration time.
should be estimated for an `average' summer humidity for
3mm, 2mm and 1.3mm observations (7 mm of precipitable water, or
at 230 GHz).
We ask you to specify in your proposal the parameter values ( total integration time, overheads and dead times) adopted
in your calculation of the needed telescope time.
A technical report explaining how to estimate the telescope time
needed to reach a given sensitivity level in various modes of
observation was published in the January 1995 issue of the IRAM
Newsletter [9]
.
You are asked to follow the
guidelines given in this report (or to justify particular requirements) in
your proposal.