\typeout{------- organizational --------}

\subsection{Organizational aspects}

The official proposal cover page should be filled in with great care.
All information on this page gets directly transferred into the IRAM
proposal database.  Attention should be given to {\it Special
requirements} and {\it Scheduling constraints} where the proposer can
enter dates where he/she is not available for observing.

In order to avoid useless duplication of observations and to protect
already accepted proposals, we keep a computerized list of
targets. We ask you to fill in  carefully the source list in
equatorial J2000 coordinates. This list {\it must contain all the
sources} (and only those sources) for which you request observing
time. Your list must adhere to the format indicated on the proposal form.
If your source list is longer than
15 sources that  fit onto the cover page, please use the
\LaTeX\ 
%macro {\tt \begin{verbatim}\extendedsourcelist\end{verbatim}}.
macro \verb+\extendedsourcelist+.

A scientific project should not be artificially cut into several small
projects, but should rather be submitted as one bigger project, even if
this means 100--150 hours of observing time. Note that large programs
of particular scientific importance can be submitted in the ``Large
Programs'' category (see \ref{Large}). 

If time has already been given to a project but turned out to be
insufficient, explain the reasons, e.g. indicate the amount of time
lost due to bad weather or equipment failure; if the fraction of time
lost is close to 100\%, don't rewrite the proposal, except for an
introductory paragraph. For continuation of proposals having led to
publications, please give references to the latter.

\subsubsection{Reminders}

For any questions regarding the telescope and the control programs, we
recommend to consult the
\htmladdnormallink{summary of telescope parameters}
{http://www.iram.es/IRAMES/mainWiki/TelescopeSystemSummary} and the
\htmladdnormallink{NCS web pages}{http://www.iram.es/IRAMES/ncs30m/}.

\mbox{The calibration procedure is explained in detail in} 
\mbox{the report entitled} 
\htmladdnormallink
{``Calibration of spectral line data''} 
{http://www.iram.es/IRAMES/otherDocuments/manuals/index.html}
on the 30m web page. 
%explains in detail the applied calibration procedure.


The astronomer--on--duty (see schedule at 
\htmladdnormallink
{../IRAMES/mainWiki/AstronomerOnDutySchedule}
{http://www.iram.es/IRAMES/mainWiki/AstronomerOnDutySchedule})
should be contacted well in advance for any special questions
concerning the preparation of an observing run.

Frequency switching is available for both HERA and shall also be
available for EMIR. This observing mode is interesting for
observations of narrow lines where flat baselines are not essential,
although the spectral baselines with HERA are among the best known in
frequency switching.  Certain limitations exist with respect to
maximum frequency throw ($\le 45$ km/s), backends, phase times etc.;
for a detailed report see \cite{R9}.  This report also explains how to
identify mesospheric lines which may easily be confused in some cases
with genuine astronomical lines from cold clouds.

If your observations with the 30m telescope results in a
publication, please acknowledge this in a footnote "Based on
observations with the IRAM 30-m telescope. IRAM is supported by
CNRS/INSU (France), the MPG (Germany) and the IGN (Spain). Please
email a copy of the publication to Dennis Downes (downes@iram.fr).

%Finally, to help us keeping up a computerized source list, we ask you to fill
%in your `list of objects' as explained before.

\subsubsection{Observing time estimates}

This matter needs special attention as a serious time underestimate
may be considered as a sure sign of sloppy proposal preparation. We
strongly recommend to use a new version of ASTRO/GILDAS for time
estimates for EMIR, as detailed above, and the old
\htmladdnormallink{web--based Time Estimator}
{http://www.iram.es/IRAMES/obstime/time_estimator.html}
 for HERA and MAMBO2. 

%Version~2.6 handles heterodyne (single pixel and HERA) as well as
%bolometer observations with updated instrumental parameters.
%Suggestions and questions can be addressed to NN (Grewing knows).
%(\htmladdnormallink{aweiss@iram.es}{mailto:aweiss@iram.es}).

If very special observing modes are proposed which are not covered
by the Time Estimator, proposers must give sufficient technical
details so that their time estimate can be {\it reproduced}. In
particular, the proposal must give values for $T_{\rm sys}$, the
spectral resolution, the expected antenna temperature of the signal,
the signal/noise ratio which is aimed for, all  overheads and dead
times, and the resulting observing time. The details of the
procedures on which our time estimator is based are explained in a
technical report published in the January 1995
issue\protect\footnote{\ electronically available
at URL {\tt ../IRAMFR/\-ARN/\-newsletter.html}}
of the IRAM Newsletter \cite{R10}.

Proposers should base their time request on normal
%\textdefsummerwinter{summer}{winter}
summer conditions, corresponding to %\textdefsummerwinter{7}{4}mm
7\,mm of precipitable water vapor. Conditions during afternoons can
be degraded due to anomalous refraction. The observing efficiency is
then reduced and the flux/temperature calibration is more  uncertain
than the typical 10 percent (possibly slightly more for bolometer
observations). If exceptionally good transmission or stability of
the atmosphere is requested which may be reachable only in
%\textdefsummerwinter{quasi--winter}{best winter}
best summer conditions, the proposers must clearly say so in their
time estimate paragraph. Such proposals will however be particularly
scrutinized.
%as they may have to be scheduled in our new priority scheme (see above),
%for which only a small fraction of winter time will be reserved.

\subsubsection{Pooled observing}
\label{pools}

%summer/winter
As in  previous  semesters, we plan to pool the bolometer with other
suitable proposals into a bolometer pool. HERA projects will be
pooled with other less demanding project into a HERA pool. Both
pools will be organized in several sessions, occupying a significant
fraction of the totally available observing time.
% CKR-CHECK
We plan to include EMIR 0.9\,mm observations in these pools.
%
%As in the previous winters, we plan to reserve a large fraction of the
%semester to pooled observing.
%
The proposals participating in the pools will be observed by 
% CKR-CHECK
 the PIs and Co-PIs of participating projects, and IRAM staff.
%IRAM and other cooperating external astronomers. 
%
The pool observations will be organized by the pool coordinators,
Guillermo Quintana-Lacaci (MAMBO2/1) and Helmut Wiesemeyer (HERA). The
participating proposals are grouped according to their demand on
weather quality, and they get observed following the priorities
assigned by the program committee.  The organization of the bolometer
and the HERA observing pools are described at \htmladdnormallink
{../IRAMES/mainWiki/PooledObservingPage} 
{\wwwes/mainWiki/PooledObservingPage}.

Bolometer and heterodyne proposals which are particularly weather
tolerant qualify as backup for the pools. Participation in the pools
is voluntary, and the respective box on the proposal form should be
checked.

Questions concerning the pool organization can be directed to the
scheduler (thum\mbox{@}iram.fr) or the Pool Coordinators, Guillermo
Quintana-Lacaci (quintana\mbox{@}iram.es) and Helmut Wiesemeyer
(wiesemeyer\mbox{@}iram.es).

\subsubsection{Service observing}

To facilitate the execution of short ($\leq$8 h) programmes, we
propose ``service observing'' for some easy to observe  programmes
{\it with only one set of tunings}.
Observations are made by the local staff using precisely laid--out
instructions by the principal investigator.
%This is a passive way of
%observing, no direct interaction with the telescope through OBS being
%possible.
For this type of observation, we request an acknowledgement
of the IRAM staff member's help in the forthcoming publication.
If you are interested in this mode of observing, specify it as
a ``special requirement'' in the proposal form. IRAM will then decide which
proposals can actually be accepted for this mode.

\subsubsection{Remote observing}

This observing mode where the remote observer actually controls the
telescope very much like on Pico Veleta, is available from the IRAM
offices in Granada and Grenoble, and from the MPIfR Bonn and
Madrid. If you are planning to use remote observing, please contact
the Astronomer on Duty (for Granada), 
% Pierre Hily--Blant (hilyblan@iram.fr) for Grenoble, 
% CK-CKR did someone replace Pierre ?
%
or Dirk Muders, muders@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de for Bonn well in advance of
your observing run. As a safeguard, please email observing
instructions and macros to the AoD and/or operator. A dedicated phone
line to the control desk for voice mail is available for remote
observers: +34 958 482009.

